The Health Safety And Welfare Construction Essay

The Health Safety And Welfare Construction Essay Employer should provide necessary information, proper instruction, appropriate training and supervision to make sure employees gain ability to be safe and take necessary action to maintain their health and safety. Employer should take all the necessary action to arrange for the safe use, handling, storage and transport of goods and substances. Employer should provide and maintain systems of work that are safe and healthy to the people who are at work. Employer should provide and maintain a safe work place with safe entrance and exit places and also a safe working environment without risk to health and individual safety. It should be noted that it is impossible to remove all risks and hazards from any working place. The law recognizes this. So, duties mentioned above qualified using the term so far as is reasonably practicable. Therefore level of risk involved always can be balanced against the time, difficulty of taking measures to remove the risk as well as trouble and cost. Employees duties are to: Employees should always concern about care of the health and safety of themselves and of others who may be affected by what they do and people who are working around. Employees should follow instructions from the employer on health and safety matters and attend relevant health and safety training conducted by particular organization. Employees should not misuse any equipment that is provided and always use proper instructions given to use those equipment (eg fire extinguishers or safety goggles) Employees should always cooperate with the employer on health and safety matters and be sensitive if their safety and health rights when working are violated. Employer should always take action to report hazards and defects observed in the workplace which might threat to the employees safety. Q 1.4 Welfare facilities for employees The law states that employers must offer suitable and sufficient welfare facilities for the comfort of their workforces though at work. Health accommodations cover many areas. Toilets Coating Wherever clean to eat and drink during opportunities Changing facilities ex: Changing rooms and lockers Good facilities can positively benefit health and well-being of the employees and can help to prevent dermatitis. Well being of them increase efficiency of the work they are on and by making them happy with the facilities this will definitely helpful in conflict management and psychological wellbeing of the employees. Question no 02 Q 2.1 Health and safety policy particular company a safe and healthy environment. Its commitment will be to protect the company, its employees and their clients. It is the policy of the company to perform work of the highest capacity and in the safest manner possible while maintaining agreement with the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Protecting the health and safety of the employees will be a permanent objective. Every employee will be held responsible . Desecrations will be recorded and addressed. Q 2.2 How to assess training requirements There have use process which call training need analysis to training staff. The way of training mainly depends on the nature of the organization, capacity of the organization, the technology available, and the nature of the staff. But for any kind of organization the fundamental elements of a training needs analysis are the same. It is a three-step process: 1. Identify the training needs 2. Deliver training that meets the needs 3. Assess the effectiveness of the training. Why is health and safety training important? Find out how you could manage health and safety better; Meet your legal duty to protect the health and safety of your employees. Those will contribute towards making your employees competent in health and safety; Q 2.3 The Methods of recording health and safety inspections and its importance In addition to keeping administrative records, an occupational health service normally maintain another two type of records, these are: Personal Health Records.- Environmental Health Records. This set of records concern the health status of each aspects of the workplace rather than the individual employee . Result of physical investigations. Occupational and Medical history. Serious treatment entries and progress. Workers compensation and insurance medical records. Site visit reports. Hazard monitoring result. Worksite health and safety committee reports. Accident investigation files. First Aid reports CSC Inspection reports Investigation reports MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) WSIB (Workplace Safety Insurance Board) claims. Incident reports Question no 03 Q 3.1 Hazards In a construction sites Electrical Hazards while trenching and excavating. Falls Falling from scaffolding, ladders, stairways Heavy Construction Equipment Fire And Emergency Hazardous Substances Noise Q 3.2 Identifying the hazards Poorly designed workplace. Hazardous tasks being performed in the workplace; Introducing poorly designed plant and machineries. Incorrect installation, poor maintenance, no repair or alteration of plant in the workplace when necessary. There are a number of ways hazards can be identified in the workplace. These include: Health and environment monitoring Recording complaints Observation Monitoring injury and illness records Consultation between employees and employers Workplace inspections Q 3.4 Risk assessment There are generally. Identify the hazards and the place occurring it Decide who might be affected and how Record the findings and implement them Review assessment and update if necessary For simple example for the risk assessment, we can take Construction Company. Here five steps to risk assignment were followed. To identify the hazards, first it should walk around all the areas and places in the construction site to find out where are the places can be potential threat to the health and safety to the employees. And for the next step it should talked through the issues with the health and safety representative, other members of the staff and sometimes with supervisors to learn more about particular places and jobs and with the use of accident book more knowledge about hazards could be gathered. Then it should write down the findings and the people who are affecting or could be harmed. For each hazard, the fitter should write those hazards. And after that it should be noted down what else Then with those finding and prepared report it is good to discuss with the safety representative, supervisors and with the managing director of the company. and Then those should. it should ticked if off and recorded the date which completed each tasks. If decided t least once a when changes occurred to the workplace. Question no: 04 Q 4.1 Consequences of workplace hazards Slipping, tripping and falls Slipping, falling and falls can cause serious injuries such as head injuries. back injuries, Paralysis. Broken bones. Sprains and strains to muscles and even death.   Radiation Sunburn Skin cancer Heart failure by damage small blood vessels. Radiation kills nerve cells and small blood vessels, and can cause seizures Vibration Lower bearing life unexpected plant shutdowns. Energy wastage due to kinetic energy required for vibration. Operator fatigue and nuisance. Annoyance. Heat Heat stroke. heat cramps heat exhaustion, heat rash Cold hypothermia, Frostbite. Question no: 05 Q 5.1 Importance of review and update assessment procedures Monitoring and review involves ongoing monitoring of the hazards identified by risk assessment process, risk assessment and risk control processes and reviewing them to make sure they are working effectively. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control are continuous processes. Therefore, regularly review the effectiveness of hazard assessment and control measures make sure that the employer undertake a hazard and risk assessment when there is a change to the workplace including when work systems, labor force tools, machinery, technology or equipment change.it also Provide additional supervision when new employees with poor skill levels or knowledge are introduced to the industry. Q 5.2 We have to suggest implementing changes to a health and safety policy When Particular companys health and safety policy too old:- An old policy becomes not suitable. Because Company employees can be changed. Company output (type of output/amount of output) can be changed. Ex-in construction industry some time doing building construction, some time do road construction, and also some time water project, then cant use same health and safety policy. Policy create by company responsible person (Ex:-Managing Director),if new Managing Director come in to company and that person need to change. When not capable to protect the health and safety of all person in work place:- The main objective of health and safety policy is to protect the health and safety of all people in work place. When any company unable to realize this objective,(Thats mean in other words if hazard increases, if there problem with company workers health and safety)then need to change health and safety policy to ensure workers health and safety. When government implements arises. Government implement also can made changes in health and safety policy. If government introduce new rule for every organization, that rule can say every organization have to ensure these, these things which related with health and safety to every employee. Then organizations have to change health and safety policy. When introduce new technologies. New technologies mean introducing new machines/plants. In this case new harms can happen in different way because of no better knowledge about new machines. Q 5.3 Monitoring implemented changes Nominate some responsible persons to ensure health and safety policy. Provide sheet which call weekly safety check sheet. (That include every safety methods) to the responsible person in the work place. Order to that responsible person to fill that sheet at work place and submit it to health and safety department in a company. Call meeting once a month to discuss about health and safety in company

A History of Jazz and Classical Music :: Jazz Classical Music

Upon entering a modern record store, one is confronted with a wide variety of choices in recorded music. These choices not only include a multitude of artists, but also a wide diversity of music categories. These categories run the gamut from easy listening dance music to more complex art music. On the complex side of the scale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a lifelong study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both. A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Let's begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classical, found in stores and performed regularly by symphonies around the world, spans a length of time from 1600 up to the present. This time frame includes the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Contemporary periods. The classical period of music actually spans a time from of 1750 to 1800; thus, the term Classical is a misnomer and could more correctly be changed to Western Art Music or European Art Music. European because most of the major composers up till the 20th century were European. Vivaldi was Italian, Bach was German, Mozart and Beethoven were Austrian; they are some of the more prominent composers. Not until the twentieth century with Gershwin and a few others do we find American composers writing this kind of art music. For the sake of convention, we can refer to Western Art Music as Classical music. Jazz is a distinctively American form of music, and it's history occupies a much smaller span of time. Its origins are found in the early 1900s as some dance band leaders in the southern U.S. began playing music that combined ragtime and blues. Early exponents of this dance music were Jelly Roll Martin (a blues player) and Scott Joplin (ragtime). The terms "Jazz" and "Jazz Band" first surfaced in the year 1900. Some say this occurred in New Orleans, although similar music was played at the same time in other places. The most prominent exponents of this early music, called Dixieland Jazz, included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet. After World War I, Jazz music had evolved A History of Jazz and Classical Music :: Jazz Classical Music Upon entering a modern record store, one is confronted with a wide variety of choices in recorded music. These choices not only include a multitude of artists, but also a wide diversity of music categories. These categories run the gamut from easy listening dance music to more complex art music. On the complex side of the scale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a lifelong study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both. A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Let's begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classical, found in stores and performed regularly by symphonies around the world, spans a length of time from 1600 up to the present. This time frame includes the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Contemporary periods. The classical period of music actually spans a time from of 1750 to 1800; thus, the term Classical is a misnomer and could more correctly be changed to Western Art Music or European Art Music. European because most of the major composers up till the 20th century were European. Vivaldi was Italian, Bach was German, Mozart and Beethoven were Austrian; they are some of the more prominent composers. Not until the twentieth century with Gershwin and a few others do we find American composers writing this kind of art music. For the sake of convention, we can refer to Western Art Music as Classical music. Jazz is a distinctively American form of music, and it's history occupies a much smaller span of time. Its origins are found in the early 1900s as some dance band leaders in the southern U.S. began playing music that combined ragtime and blues. Early exponents of this dance music were Jelly Roll Martin (a blues player) and Scott Joplin (ragtime). The terms "Jazz" and "Jazz Band" first surfaced in the year 1900. Some say this occurred in New Orleans, although similar music was played at the same time in other places. The most prominent exponents of this early music, called Dixieland Jazz, included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet. After World War I, Jazz music had evolved

Free College Admissions Essays: A Rare Encounter :: College Admissions Essays

A Rare Encounter    Very rarely in life does one encounter an individual who impacts you in such a way that they not only become ingrained in memory, but also shape the type of person you want to become. For me, Mrs. Peggy Jeens was one of these very special and unforgettable people.    Although I only had the pleasure of knowing Mrs. Jeens for two of my high school years, she affected me in ways far beyond the educational scope. Through her teaching, she showed me what true happiness and satisfaction were. How else could anyone teach for so long and still begin each day with a smile? With exciting and thought-captivating lessons, Mrs. Jeens managed not only to pass the information along to her students, but also make them enjoy learning in such a way that they looked forward to her class every day.    Outstanding teaching abilities, although essential, are not the only characteristics of an unforgettable teacher. In order for a teacher to have that unexplainable spark, you must know them outside of the context of school and have the opportunity to see their true personalities. I was most definitely able to do this with Mrs. Jeens by accompanying her on trips to Italy, Greece, Spain, and Morocco. During these week-long trips, I was able to get to know Mrs. Jeens in a way that most students cannot. I learned that she was an incredibly generous and fun-loving individual who made each trip an exciting adventure for her students. Even though we did not always encounter the best of circumstances, Mrs. Jeens always managed to take the worst situations and make them bright.    Although I learned many things from my association with Mrs. Peggy Jeens, the one I value above all is the ability to be happy with whatever life throws at you. Mrs. Jeens always emanated a happiness that infected everyone around her through her smiles, kind words, and loving nature. It is my personal belief that the most important thing in life is to be happy, as if you are happy, you are content with your life and want for nothing.

Organisational Behaviour: The Personal Nature of Leadership Essay

The title of this paper inspires examination of leadership style within the corporate culture with regard to personal traits in relation to organisational behaviour. The old standard of a leader being born rather than made is under review here as many concepts come into play when discussing modern corporate leadership. Many would argue and research reflects (Goleman, D. , Boyatzis, R. , & McKee, A. 2001) leaders adjust style according to situations. A situation is just one influence affecting one’s leadership capabilities. The organisational culture brings into play a myriad of factors that affect leadership. Stogdill (1948/1974) built the foundation for modern leadership where creative thinking and flexibility become key because personality became central to understanding situations found in corporate culture. Stogdill writes â€Å"no personal characteristics are predictive of leadership seems to over-emphasise the situational and underestimate the personal nature of leadership† (p. 35—check your book for ref). Research into the history of leadership lends another view entirely. Such researchers of leadership and organisational behaviours as Boddy and Burns find early on the icon of leadership was based on an egalitarian view of the best â€Å"man† for the job. Stogdill found different views but related findings to behaviour. Now many years later, is the nature of leadership based in situations? Or is it based in one’s personal experience and choices in reacting to certain situations? I believe the face of corporate culture has changed because of certain factors present today in the business world. Today, gender, race and other demographic factors play a large role in management. How people interact and how these demographics influence the behaviour of the organisation needs to be examined because this makes the culture. In today’s business world because competition is fierce, anything innovative and flexible to opening up channels of creativity is seen as a positive. Organisational culture is born out of an organisation’s core values and beliefs in completing its objectives (Robbins 2001, p. 544). This can also be said of people as a culture within race, religion and creed. How an organisation takes external factors like an individual’s demographic can be a complex task. How people perceive his or her is directly influenced by his or her personal experiences and make-up. In this respect because of globalization and multiculturalism, an organisation needs to be flexible to outside influences within reason. This means than an organisational culture has the means of redefining itself as more people join. Of course the organisation must conscious that these factors are at work and this means sticking to the core values. In this respect, I must agree with Stogdill’s statement because the human experience, these demographics touched upon above, makes one’s personality and makes culture personal. It makes the act of leading based from one’s experience and therefore, very personal. One can see such proof within the literature but really one’s personal experience and how they use these traits builds character and influences many areas of organisational behaviour such as tools for motivation, team-building and creative thinking. Personal Nature of Leadership The personal connection begins at a fundamental level of human sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner (1995) reflects, â€Å"the ultimate impact of the leader depends most significantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences† (p. 14). By telling stories, allows for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the leader and makes them human. By opening the line of communication, gives the employee knowledge of their environment and develops trust. The leader’s role is to sell the idea of commitment within a culture. Odiorne (1987) suggests, â€Å"if employees know what is expected, and what help and resources are available, they can then be relied upon to govern their actions to achieve the commitments they have made† (p. 138). This sets the stage for goals and achieving high performance. The culture in turn feeds off this energy and excitement. Bennis (1989) writes: There are three reasons why leaders are important. First they are responsible for the effectiveness of organizations. Second, the change and upheaval of past years has left us with no place to hide. We need anchors in our lives as a guiding purpose. Third, there is a national concern about integrity of our institutions. Being mindful of own context is difficult for us. (p. 15-16) Managers with a keen understanding of leading represent these three key attributes and create a foundation from which to act. A leader must also display curiosity and have the guts to be daring. This requires someone to make a choice based upon his or her ability to risk take. They must be a dominant force within the team. Bennis (1989) reflects, there are two kinds of people â€Å"those who are paralyzed by fear, and those who are afraid but go ahead away. Life is not about limitation but options† (p. 185). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. Research discovered that leaders use different leadership styles for different situations because of emotional intelligence and its tie to strengths or weaknesses in personal traits. In the book Primal Leadership, authors David Goleman, Richard Boyatzis , and Annie McKee (2001) present their research on leadership styles within the organisational structure. The research discusses the relationship that these executives have with their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the study of emotions and their impact upon the work environment. The research investigates the different leadership styles evident in most organisations today. Mainly, leaders were categorized as either having the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, or commanding leadership styles. Among these, only pacesetting and commanding are assessed to be less effective than the other leadership styles. Emotional Intelligence relies upon the fact the leader will be able to have a competent level of interaction with the employee by changing leadership styles and adapting to each unique situation throughout the time at work. It reflects successful leadership by allowing for complex relationships for team members by recognizing relationship building, capacity of visions and personal development. Emotional Intelligence for a leader means being able to read people, be read and allow for open dialogue. Research stresses the importance of the leader’s flexibility and capability to adapt to his or her environment. An effective leader will understand not only their environment and people but also understand the potential for impact upon that environment. By understanding this key element, an effective leader will know how to define the environment. This is important because employees look to management for guidance. The leader defines the boundaries for the team and created an atmosphere for building relationships and open communication. This in turn creates stronger teams. Team Building For managers who put his or her people first; they are more focused on nurturing and training. Research suggests leaders are more interested in mentoring and training their team rather than focusing on output of numbers or turn around time. This development in team building allows for â€Å"providing people opportunities to learn from their work rather than taking them away from their work to learn† (Hughes 2004, p. 4). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. Still one could not ignore times of fear. Management sometimes creates fear on purpose or misused it to work employees harder. This does not create positive outcomes but promoted conflict and an unstable team. It is clear for management to be successful; it must communicate its vision but also create positive reinforcement (See Figure 1. ). Once key members understand people’s needs, then action could be taken to improve management’s role. Only then would a leader be taken seriously. Recognizing positive traits in a team member built trust, integrity and also met an important need while building a team.

Somali Culture Lifestyle and How It Affects on Housemaids

CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Describes the prevailing problem situation at the global, national and local levels (broad perspectives to narrow perspectives). Explains what the study is all about. Should arouse the interest of the readers. Statement of the Problem The researcher has to identify the specific problem existing within the specific area of interest which his research will seek to address. The statement should provide the researcher with considerable direction in pursuing the study. Purpose of the Study This refers to the general aim for wanting to carry out the study.The purpose should not be a reproduction of the title, but should be a summary statement of the reason why the study is being proposed. Research Objectives These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study. They specify more directly what the researcher is going to do. While the purpose is a general statement of the aim of the study, the objectives must be specific. Should state properly and clearly the general and specific objectives that should jive with the research questions. Ideally, the research objectives should be measurable, attainable and feasible.Research Questions The research questions must be stated in question form and in a way that they are synchronized with the research objectives. Hypothesis The research hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the research problem. It is also a tentative answer to the research problem and can be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches need a hypothesis, therefore, if the study is hypothesis free, an ASSUMPTION may take its place. The hypothesis must be stated where it is applicable. Ideally, the hypothesis can be in null or alternative form. Scope This specifies the boundaries of the research.The geographical scope defines the location or site of the study. The theoretical scope defines the issues to be covered; the content sco pe defines the factors and variables to be considered. Significance of the Study This provides the justification of the study. It spells out who the probable beneficiaries of the study findings might be (country, government, local community, agency, curriculum developers, researchers etc. ), and how they might benefit. It also shows how the research findings will contribute to general knowledge and what is its impact on development towards better life .It should reflect on knowledge creation, as well as on technological or socio-economic value to the community. Operational Definitions of Key Terms This gives the definitions of major terms as they are used in the study. Key terms are ideally found in the research title, research instrument and other parts of the study where the terms need to be operationally defined in this section. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction This gives a short introduction on the coverage of this chapter. Concepts, Ideas, Opinions From Aut hors/ ExpertsThis section deals with the analysis of the literature related to the subject of the study with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and opinions of scholars/experts. The review must be focused on the study variables by reviewing literature under the sub-themes which synchronize with the research objectives or questions or hypothesis. It should show relationships identified by previous researchers. When the literature review is so structured it would be easy when discussing the researcher's findings to relate and compare these findings with previous findings in the reviewed literature.The review should identify the gaps existing in literature and specify the ones that the research will focus on. Proper citations/end noting must also be reflected. Theoretical Perspectives This should discuss the theory to which the study is based (one for each independent and dependent variable or combined). One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topi c is a well-researched area with various antecedents before arriving at a theory or synthesis of two or more theories that will serve as the pivot for the study.In some cases where few studies have been undertaken, there may be no theories to draw upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used. Related Studies This portion discusses past empirical investigations similar to or related to the present study. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Research Design It is the strategy used in the study. A researcher should be able to identify and isolate the design most appropriate for a study. It could be experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, ex post facto, action research, evaluation research, etc.A researcher should make the form or design of investigation explicit and provide a justification for the choice. He can also indicate if the approach he is adopting is quantitative or qualitative or both. Research Population A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a particular investigation. A target population is the population to which the researcher ultimately wants to generalize the results. This target population is the population from which the sample will be drawn. The result can best be generalized to the accessible population.They can, at times be generalized to the target population also, if the two populations are very similar. The sample drawn from the target population become the research subjects (if they are inanimate objects or animals) or the research respondents of the study (if they are humans/individuals who answers the research instrument administered). Relevant characteristics of the subjects or respondents must be stated as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria in selecting the subjects or respondents identified. Sample Size What size of sample can represent the accessible population?The ideal size varies with the population size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a representative sample. Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and quote an authority that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. There are various formula used for sample size calculation depending on the research design. How the sample size is arrived at should be clearly stated. Sampling Procedure The sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of the population should be represented in the selected sample.This calls for the use of a suitable sampling strategy. The procedure adopted should ensure that the selected sample represents the population. This should be clearly explained. Research Instrument There are varieties of research instruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher needs to indicate the research instrument(s) he intends to use. whether r esearcher devised/structured by the researcher or standardized research instrument.The basis for the options/content in a standardized or researcher devised instrument are the aspects discussed in the Review of Related Literature. The researcher should try not to develop his own questions or select a standardized instrument without any basis then. A researcher devised instrument can be pre- tested to 5-10 subjects or respondents not included in the actual study to test its reliability and should also be tested for its validity. If a standardized instrument is to be adopted, the name of the author of the instrument and permission to use must be mentioned in this section.This is to avoid plagiarism and legal suits from the author of the instrument. Whether the instrument is researcher devised or standardized the response modes, scoring and interpretation of scores need to be discussed in this part of the study. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument Data quality control refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness of the instruments while reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure.The researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used. Data Gathering Procedures In this part of the study, the collection of data step by step, before, during and after the administration of the research instrument should be described. Data Analysis This section presents how the data generated in the study are to be organized and analyzed. The technique to be used to analyze each group of data should be specified.While thematic analysis can be employed for qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as chi-square, correlation, ANOVA etc. are appropriate for quantitative data. Spell out the particular statistical treatment/ techniqu e and formula to use with reference to each research question or type of data set. Ethical Considerations This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do you ensure the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and/or community involved in your study?This may involve getting clearance from the ethical body/ethics committee and consent of the respondent (Appendices II and III respectively). Limitations of the Study This considers potential sources of bias/ threats to the validity of the findings in the proposed study. Whatever may limit the validity of the findings constitute limitations. However, they need not prevent the study from being carried out. The confession of the limitations only serves to warn the reader of the amount of trust to place in the findings. The researcher should mention in this study how the limitations were minimized/reduced.CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Start with narrative statements of the data in answer to the specific research questions then a graphic or tabular presentation of the data. Below the tables/graphs, discuss the meaning and practical implications of the findings with consideration on the results of similar studies. Include also the findings of other investigators both in agreement or disagreement with the findings of the study on hand. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Introduce this chapter and its coverage. FINDINGSClearly state in this portion the overall results in answer to the specific research questions. CONCLUSIONS This should state clearly the researcher's stand on the research problem based on all evidences presented. The conclusion/s should be sound, and logical and answers any of these: the main research problem, if the hypothesis is accepted or rejected or if the theory to which the study is based is proven or not. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Should be sound and logical based on the findings of the study. 2. Shortcomings of the stud y are addressed and constructive suggestions given for future research. . Two to three titles of related studies are suggested for the future researchers. REFERENCES This is the list of all works cited in the study. It should be written according to approved format. For uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual. Only cited authors in the study should be given in the reference section. All authors in the reference section should appear in the body of the study. Present the references in alphabetical order. Book on referencing available with the DVC, SPGSR. APPENDIX 1TRANSMITTAL LETTER Attached here is an original copy of the letter/ communication from the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR) through its Director stating the request for the candidate to be given consideration to conduct his/her study as specified. APPENDIX II CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE A legitimate attac hment is a clearance from the Ethics Committee for the purpose of ensuring the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and community involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX III INFORMED CONSENTThis is an original copy of the form where the subjects/ respondents sign as proof of approval to be involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX IV RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A copy of the research instrument must be attached . RESEARCHER'S CURRICULUM VITAE To document the details of the researcher, his competency in writing a research and to recognize his efforts and qualifications, this part of the research report is thus meant. The researcher's bio-data is categorized as follows: Personal Profile Educational Background Work Experience Other Relevant Data Somali Culture Lifestyle and How It Affects on Housemaids CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Describes the prevailing problem situation at the global, national and local levels (broad perspectives to narrow perspectives). Explains what the study is all about. Should arouse the interest of the readers. Statement of the Problem The researcher has to identify the specific problem existing within the specific area of interest which his research will seek to address. The statement should provide the researcher with considerable direction in pursuing the study. Purpose of the Study This refers to the general aim for wanting to carry out the study.The purpose should not be a reproduction of the title, but should be a summary statement of the reason why the study is being proposed. Research Objectives These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study. They specify more directly what the researcher is going to do. While the purpose is a general statement of the aim of the study, the objectives must be specific. Should state properly and clearly the general and specific objectives that should jive with the research questions. Ideally, the research objectives should be measurable, attainable and feasible.Research Questions The research questions must be stated in question form and in a way that they are synchronized with the research objectives. Hypothesis The research hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the research problem. It is also a tentative answer to the research problem and can be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches need a hypothesis, therefore, if the study is hypothesis free, an ASSUMPTION may take its place. The hypothesis must be stated where it is applicable. Ideally, the hypothesis can be in null or alternative form. Scope This specifies the boundaries of the research.The geographical scope defines the location or site of the study. The theoretical scope defines the issues to be covered; the content sco pe defines the factors and variables to be considered. Significance of the Study This provides the justification of the study. It spells out who the probable beneficiaries of the study findings might be (country, government, local community, agency, curriculum developers, researchers etc. ), and how they might benefit. It also shows how the research findings will contribute to general knowledge and what is its impact on development towards better life .It should reflect on knowledge creation, as well as on technological or socio-economic value to the community. Operational Definitions of Key Terms This gives the definitions of major terms as they are used in the study. Key terms are ideally found in the research title, research instrument and other parts of the study where the terms need to be operationally defined in this section. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction This gives a short introduction on the coverage of this chapter. Concepts, Ideas, Opinions From Aut hors/ ExpertsThis section deals with the analysis of the literature related to the subject of the study with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and opinions of scholars/experts. The review must be focused on the study variables by reviewing literature under the sub-themes which synchronize with the research objectives or questions or hypothesis. It should show relationships identified by previous researchers. When the literature review is so structured it would be easy when discussing the researcher's findings to relate and compare these findings with previous findings in the reviewed literature.The review should identify the gaps existing in literature and specify the ones that the research will focus on. Proper citations/end noting must also be reflected. Theoretical Perspectives This should discuss the theory to which the study is based (one for each independent and dependent variable or combined). One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topi c is a well-researched area with various antecedents before arriving at a theory or synthesis of two or more theories that will serve as the pivot for the study.In some cases where few studies have been undertaken, there may be no theories to draw upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used. Related Studies This portion discusses past empirical investigations similar to or related to the present study. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Research Design It is the strategy used in the study. A researcher should be able to identify and isolate the design most appropriate for a study. It could be experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, ex post facto, action research, evaluation research, etc.A researcher should make the form or design of investigation explicit and provide a justification for the choice. He can also indicate if the approach he is adopting is quantitative or qualitative or both. Research Population A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a particular investigation. A target population is the population to which the researcher ultimately wants to generalize the results. This target population is the population from which the sample will be drawn. The result can best be generalized to the accessible population.They can, at times be generalized to the target population also, if the two populations are very similar. The sample drawn from the target population become the research subjects (if they are inanimate objects or animals) or the research respondents of the study (if they are humans/individuals who answers the research instrument administered). Relevant characteristics of the subjects or respondents must be stated as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria in selecting the subjects or respondents identified. Sample Size What size of sample can represent the accessible population?The ideal size varies with the population size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a representative sample. Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and quote an authority that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. There are various formula used for sample size calculation depending on the research design. How the sample size is arrived at should be clearly stated. Sampling Procedure The sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of the population should be represented in the selected sample.This calls for the use of a suitable sampling strategy. The procedure adopted should ensure that the selected sample represents the population. This should be clearly explained. Research Instrument There are varieties of research instruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher needs to indicate the research instrument(s) he intends to use. whether r esearcher devised/structured by the researcher or standardized research instrument.The basis for the options/content in a standardized or researcher devised instrument are the aspects discussed in the Review of Related Literature. The researcher should try not to develop his own questions or select a standardized instrument without any basis then. A researcher devised instrument can be pre- tested to 5-10 subjects or respondents not included in the actual study to test its reliability and should also be tested for its validity. If a standardized instrument is to be adopted, the name of the author of the instrument and permission to use must be mentioned in this section.This is to avoid plagiarism and legal suits from the author of the instrument. Whether the instrument is researcher devised or standardized the response modes, scoring and interpretation of scores need to be discussed in this part of the study. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument Data quality control refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness of the instruments while reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure.The researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used. Data Gathering Procedures In this part of the study, the collection of data step by step, before, during and after the administration of the research instrument should be described. Data Analysis This section presents how the data generated in the study are to be organized and analyzed. The technique to be used to analyze each group of data should be specified.While thematic analysis can be employed for qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as chi-square, correlation, ANOVA etc. are appropriate for quantitative data. Spell out the particular statistical treatment/ techniqu e and formula to use with reference to each research question or type of data set. Ethical Considerations This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do you ensure the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and/or community involved in your study?This may involve getting clearance from the ethical body/ethics committee and consent of the respondent (Appendices II and III respectively). Limitations of the Study This considers potential sources of bias/ threats to the validity of the findings in the proposed study. Whatever may limit the validity of the findings constitute limitations. However, they need not prevent the study from being carried out. The confession of the limitations only serves to warn the reader of the amount of trust to place in the findings. The researcher should mention in this study how the limitations were minimized/reduced.CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Start with narrative statements of the data in answer to the specific research questions then a graphic or tabular presentation of the data. Below the tables/graphs, discuss the meaning and practical implications of the findings with consideration on the results of similar studies. Include also the findings of other investigators both in agreement or disagreement with the findings of the study on hand. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Introduce this chapter and its coverage. FINDINGSClearly state in this portion the overall results in answer to the specific research questions. CONCLUSIONS This should state clearly the researcher's stand on the research problem based on all evidences presented. The conclusion/s should be sound, and logical and answers any of these: the main research problem, if the hypothesis is accepted or rejected or if the theory to which the study is based is proven or not. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Should be sound and logical based on the findings of the study. 2. Shortcomings of the stud y are addressed and constructive suggestions given for future research. . Two to three titles of related studies are suggested for the future researchers. REFERENCES This is the list of all works cited in the study. It should be written according to approved format. For uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual. Only cited authors in the study should be given in the reference section. All authors in the reference section should appear in the body of the study. Present the references in alphabetical order. Book on referencing available with the DVC, SPGSR. APPENDIX 1TRANSMITTAL LETTER Attached here is an original copy of the letter/ communication from the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR) through its Director stating the request for the candidate to be given consideration to conduct his/her study as specified. APPENDIX II CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE A legitimate attac hment is a clearance from the Ethics Committee for the purpose of ensuring the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and community involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX III INFORMED CONSENTThis is an original copy of the form where the subjects/ respondents sign as proof of approval to be involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX IV RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A copy of the research instrument must be attached . RESEARCHER'S CURRICULUM VITAE To document the details of the researcher, his competency in writing a research and to recognize his efforts and qualifications, this part of the research report is thus meant. The researcher's bio-data is categorized as follows: Personal Profile Educational Background Work Experience Other Relevant Data

Cisco Systems Essay

1. How have Cisco’s channels evolved in the last 10 – 15 years? Why have they evolved that way? What does the future look like? Cisco is the leader in the switches and router market. Cisco was described as a classic start-up fairy tale. Indirect sales and distribution through resellers was responsible for the small percentage of products delivered in the early 1990s. Cisco model was praised as a successful indirect sales and channel strategy. In 1995, Chambers (CEO) took the helm and the company played a leading role in the internet revolution. Market capitalization exceeded $500 billion in 2000. Cisco’s sales had crossed $18 billion and it boasted relationship with 600 VARs worldwide. The company’s sale took a hit after the telecom and dot-com crash in 2001. The company reported $1 billion loss in the same year. Due to the disaffection and dissatisfaction among the resellers the company was forced to review and revamp the go-to market strategy. Routers and Switches are the key components of Cisco. Its explosive growth and the growth of Internet were inextricably intertwined. Its router technology was a crucial component of the rapid internet buildout in the 1990s. This success was achieved from basic high-end connectivity, multilayer intelligent service switching solutions. The company has to evolve the goto market strategy and implement the customized pyramid so that new strategy doesn’t create inter-channel conflict determines the future of the company 2. What grade would you give Cisco for managing that evolution? Good or bad? Why? I would provide an A grade to the firm for managing the evolution. It was good implementation, when started the company sold whoever had an application on the technology however with the market exploded in the 1990s, the company relied on channel partners who added unique value, cost effectively. The company followed divide-and-grow policy, doubling the number of sales territories by cutting each in half and expecting the same business from each half. 3. Against the background of your answer to the above two questions, how should Cisco distribute VoIP products? Through voice VARs? Data VARs? or both? I would recommend the distribution of VoIP products through both voice and data VARs. Even though voice channel was considerably more consolidated than the data channel however it is agreed that voice needed to be added to the mix of already existing data VARs. In the data market, margins for the resellers where in the region 12%to 20% due to the channel competition. On one hand, it makes sense to stay with existing margin structure because the new technology delivered huge cost advantage for the end user. But the Voice VARs were entrenched with PBX firms and it would cannibalize introducing new product line. The maturing nature of the networking market and opportunity provided Cisco to expand their business and needed to the keep the productivity with the existing data VARs. 4. What are your reactions to the Pyramid model advanced in Fig.C of the case? What is the core concept of the model? Is there an alternative evolutional model that Cisco should adop? It was a completely different strategy adopted by Cisco when healthy profit margins on routers and switches were the norm in 1990s. This offered value addition to the resellers and sales volume was the key which showed Cisco’s intention to improve the market share. â€Å"Gold†, â€Å"Silver† or â€Å"Premier† status was awarded to the certified resellers who would in-turn get discount of 42%, 40% or 38% in the products for the categories respectively. The core concept of the model is higher the sales, greater discount and increased profit margins. Even though resellers could make 40% margin, in practice, because of intense competition, the gross margin boiled down to 5% to 18% across the industry depending on the product. Adding to the above, Cisco sold equipment through resellers that fell outside the pyramid structure but specialized in particular markets, on a sale by sale basis and through resellers that acted as product-fulfillment houses. This helped Cisco to quickly increase its share in the switch and router market to high extent. I don’t think there is an alternative evolutional model that Cisco would have adopted.

Perception and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perception and Conflict - Essay Example that sets the different vectors of power in a modulated manner that they are primarily applied to support the differences of each individual living within the human communities around the world. Making use of conflict as an agent of equalizing the differences, business organizations are sure to gain strength from the said idealism. As mentioned earlier, competition among organizational members is one particular form of conflict. However, instead of seeing it as a major source of conflict of differences in the organization, it could be used as the key matter that could motivate people in achieving higher than what the others is able to achieve. In this track, the conflict of competition is already viewed as something that is healthy for the organizations’ sake. However on the part of Reno and Frank, the conflict growing between them involves more than just competition. It involves the wrong perception towards the need to communicate to each other and the difference of their belief towards the need to work with the problem that they are facing. Yes, in this regard, dealing with the situation usually involves more than just making amends between the two different ongoing opinions between two different individuals or groups at that, who are thriving within a certain single organization. The conflicts between people and how each undeniable misunderstanding occurs are based in a process of conversing, interpreting and wrong response. To understand further, here are some of the communication problems that occur which usually turns into different levels of relationship conflicts: This is the way by which a person intends to manipulate the thinking of the other person through questioning the attitudes of the other. Not only that, the situation usually aggravates the questioning of the attitude of the other towards the other person. Robert Bolton comments on the matter saying: â€Å"Many of us feel we need to be critical, or other people will never improve we make a